Examinations for 12th and 13th Grades

Students should be aware that the upcoming exams will have a synoptic chart(weather map). Students are required to have a knowledge of weather symbols and weather systems such as those representing cloudcover,windspeed,wind direction,type of cloud,temperature,intensity of precipitation, tropical cyclones, the I.T.C.Z, anticyclones and temperate depressions. A key to reading synoptic charts is to be able to understand the pattern of the isobars.
In addition the following will be included in other questions :-

1) The structure of the atmosphere ,insolation, radiation and the heat budget.The heat budget and the role of mechanisms of heat transfer in radiation/heat balance in the atmosphere especially within the troposphere. Factors influencing insolation across the earth.

2) Atmospheric moisture. Humidity,evaporation,convection,saturation, dewpoint, condensation,cloud formation,precipitation,theories of precipitation formation and types of precipitation. Other forms of moisture at or close to the earths surface.

3) Lapse rates , conditions of stability, instability and conditional instability. Associated weather with each of the preceding conditions.

4) Atmospheric circulation and factors influencing this circulation. Tri-cellular model,rosby waves,jet streams and their impact on weather systems and heat distribution.

Volcanoes as natural hazards.

All grade 10 students of geography remember your group project on the Montserrat eruptions.